Comparison Between Nicolo Machiavelli And Thomas Hobbs

Name: Emmanuella Abolarinde 150413800 Prof Hillier BF 190-BR2 Comparison between Nicolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbs There are many philosophers that have different ideals and views on certain subjects and topics. This is often due to the fact that they were alive during certain time periods which were often having problems therefore affecting the philosopher’s views on what is right or wrong. Due to this fact the philosophers Machiavelli and Hobbs had both similar and contrasting ideals on the purpose of the government or kings and the way said government is supposed to rule their states and subjects. Machiavelli believes that the purpose of the government is to protect the state by any means necessary and to use the leaders subjects in a way that could further their own political agenda. This is proven by how in the translated version of the prince it says he learns to know his country, and is better able to undertake its defense. (Marriott 2013, 15) This shows that Machiavelli believed that a good and powerful leader must be able to know his surrounding country in order to properly defend his state from war which in turns shows that he believes that the purpose of the government is to protect their state from any threat of war. As the lecture states Machiavelli argued that the people under the king’s rule are essentially objects to be used for whatever the ruler’s political agenda was. (Hillier 2015) This includes the subjects being used as soldiers of war to keep the

Keynes Versus Hayek - 935 Words

Keynes versus Hayek There are differences between Keynes and Hayek on the role of savings in the economy. Keynes believed that it was a waste to save money, it only lead to destruction and prevent economic growth. He didn’t agree with private investment. He felt by keeping money in your pocket is senseless because soon we will all be dead. You can’t take the money with you. He also felt that the government should increase spending during times of recessions. In contrast, Hayek believed that you must save money so that you could later invest the money wisely. He felt time would multiply your interest. He felt that time did not matter. He believed the same principles of the economy that applied in the 1920 still applied in 2005.†¦show more content†¦Hayek disagreed with war. He felt that war should not be a tool to stimulate the economy. He felt that it only destroyed other economies leaving them in despair. He felt that Keynes did not address the true issues. He stated that consumption shrank and scarce resources were misused. Keynes stated that people were taken off production jobs to be employed by the military. He felt the investment made in wars would not correct market failures and would not assure an equitable distribution of income. He felt more damage was done that good. [Keynes] Are you kidding? My cure works perfectly fine. Have a look. The recession ended in ’09. I deserve credit. Things would have been worse. All the estimates prove it. I’ll go chapter and verse. We could have done better if we’d only spent more. Too bad that only happens when there’s a world war. You can carp all you want about stats and regression. Do you deny that world war cut short the depression? [Hayek] Wow. One data point and you’re jumping for joy. The last time I checked wars only destroy. There was no multiplier. Consumption just shrank As we used scarce resources for every new tank. Pretty perverse to call that prosperity. Ration meat. Ration butter. A life of austerity. When that war spending ended, your friends cried disaster. Yet the economy thrived and grew faster. Creating employment is a straight forward craft When the nation’s at war andShow MoreRelatedEssay on John Maynard Keynes Versus Friederich A. Hayek603 Words   |  3 Pagesof the early twentieth century, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich A. Hayek, hold very different economic viewpoints. Keynes is among the most famous economic philosophers. Keynes, whos theories gained a reputation during the Great Depression in the 1930s, focused mainly on an economys bust. It is where the economy declines and finally bottoms-out, that Keynesian economics believes the answers lie for its eventual recovery. On the other hand, Hayek believed that in studying the boom answers wouldRead MoreKeynes Vs Hayek Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesKeynes Versus Hayek The relationship between economists John M. Keynes and Friedrich A. Hayek is quite complex. 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Comparing the Herakles Myth with Joseph Campbells Hero Myth List free essay sample

Karen Wagner World Mythology September 27th 2012 Essay #1 Herakles, or more commonly known as Hercules according to Disney is probably one of the most popular myths people have seen or heard, but could Herakles’ myth follow Joseph Campbell’s Hero myth list. Carl Jung defined an archetype myth or Jungian archetype as a pattern of thought that can be translated to â€Å"worldwide parallels† (â€Å"The Columbian Encyclopedia†) that the human race experiences as a culture or an individual. The myth of Herakles includes parts that compare to the Hero Archetype, but there are also parts that do not fit the archetype at all. Joseph Campbell’s list of myths for the common hero includes a list that does and does not relate to the story of Herakles. Herakles’ journey begins from the shared birth from his mother Alcmena, father Zeus and half-brother Iphikles. Hera (Zeus’ wife) decides to take revenge because of the affair Zeus had with Alcmena for Herakles. One the morning Herakles was supposed to be born Zeus had made a previous oath stating the son of his bloodline through Pereus who was born that morning would rule Mycenae. Hera made sure Zeus swore to this and sent down the goddess of childbirth Eileithuia to slow the birthing process. A sly serving girl named Galanthis had told the goddess of childbirth that Alcmena had her twins, once Eileithuia’s guard was down and so was her spell. Alcmena bore twins and Herakles was not the first born, one was the son of Amphitryon and the other Zeus. Hera decides to take action by putting snakes in the twins’ crib in hopes to â€Å"destroy Zeus’ latest offspring† (Martin 148), while Iphikles only wailed, Herakles decided to strangle both snakes to death, identifying the true son of Zeus. Amphitryon stated, â€Å"well, that one’s not my boy† (Martin 148). Herakles grew up quickly, learning his new found strength through his human father and other relatives. His first official voluntarily task was to eliminate the lion with impenetrable hide from Mt. Kithairon. Once the beast was defeated, Herakles skinned the lion and wore his mane and head as a trophy and as a form of protection (Martin 153). Herakles continued doing many labors for different people throughout a large portion of his life; he lay with many women, and marries a few as well. Herakles did some wrong doings and towards the end of his mortal life he dies and becomes immoral, forever to live on in myth. Joseph Campbell’s monomyth list for mythological adventures magnifies the formula described in the rites of passage: Departure—initiation—return. Campbell’s list for the hero archetype can be compared to Herakles, while other parts do the opposite. The first stage of the hero’s’ journey is their birth; Campbell goes into explaining that the birth involves â€Å"fabulous circumstances surrounding conception, birth, and childhood† (Campbell). Herakles’ birth could be seen under fabulous circumstances, an affair, another child, and two dead snakes on the first night; Campbell’s second stage is the â€Å"Call to Adventure† (Campbell), Herakles whilst working on his human father’s cattle ranch heard news of a lion killing the family cows, he volunteers to rid the beast and is successful in the end. Herakles had helpers throughout his journeys, such as Apollo’s grandson Eurytos teaching him archery (Martin 150) or Atlas assisting Herakles in getting the Golden Apples as one of his labors, but not from a specific being or person alone. This being a piece of the myth that doesn’t exactly fit into Campbell’s list but can still compare. Campbell’s fourth entry on the list â€Å"Crossing the Threshold† somewhat relates to Herakles’ story in that he does travel 30 days to defeat the mother of all lions, another with impenetrable hide. Campbell’s crossing the threshold entry explains that the hero must undergo a task or event that takes the hero from everyday life into the â€Å"world of adventure† (Campbell); this could be something small from traveling to a cave or traveling for 30 days. One of the major parts of the myth of Herkales is his love for labors he provides for his people, this definitely relates to Campbell’s work, in that his number five explains the tests the hero must go through, involving a series of monsters and traveling to different worlds and each conquered task increases said hero’s ability to overcome even stronger encounters he will face. Campbell’s number six on his list goes into the helpers the hero will encounter through his journey, this also relates to Herakles. There were parts in his myth where Herakles needed assistance, for example when Herakles wanted to get the golden apples as one of his labors, he asked Atlas to go and he would hold up the heavens until he returned, even though Herakles sort of deceived Atlas in the end, he was still of assistance to the hero. The climax and final battle of Herakles involved his attempt at sacrifice and a struggle to continue living. He was given a cloak that was accidentally poisoned by his wife Deianeira with a previous enemies’ blood that mixed in with the blood he dipped his arrows from one of his labors. The cloak began to tighten around the hero and poison him; he sought revenge on his wife to discover she already killed herself in learning what she had done. Herakles’ myth doesn’t have a happy ending like Campbell’s list basically says in 9, 10, and 11, Herakles’ dies to live on forever immorally, or in this case actually passed but his fame lives on, his story is continued being told and he is recognized as a Greek hero, without any sort of â€Å"elixir† Campbell mentioned in his list, feasting with the gods and his god parents, Zeus and Hera (Martin 179), the mother who was trying to rid him from the beginning. Campbell’s list is to describe how a hero myth translates to actual events and situations people encounter in their lives while growing up, there is an underlying meaning to each situation that happens to the hero. While some parts did relate to Campbell’s list, overall Herakles’ myth strays away from following his list, although there are parts that do relate, the myth is still completely different from Campbell’s interpretation and Jung’s archetype definition, giving Herakles his own myth and his own journey that’s not as cliche from the rest of the myths in the world.

Mcdonalds Resources and Capabilities free essay sample

In order to improve their financial performance and once again satisfy their customer base, McDonalds chose not to emulate their competitors. Instead, they chose to use their existing resources and capabilities to identify emerging asymmetries during the turnaround around between 2003 and 2007. By using a combination of their current infrastructure, human capital, marketing capabilities and new product introductions, the management team was once again able to pursue market opportunities that built on these leveraged capabilities. One of the first resources used to initiate their turnaround was the infrastructure of their current restaurant base. After realizing that rapid franchise growth was providing stagnant returns and substandard performance as well as jeopardizing their customer’s restaurant experience due to poor food quality and service, the company decided to focus on generating sales from its existing outlets and revamping the outdated look of their older restaurants. Revamping and remodeling the inside to fit within today’s culture allowed McDonald’s to be more inline with savvier consumer tastes and trends. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonalds Resources and Capabilities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another way McDonalds was able to increase sales in these newly decorated restaurants was to introduce new products that matched the cultural trends such as premium coffee as well as adding several stores which had bakeries. While many of the prior new product introductions were noted as failures with consumers (Arch Deluxe, McLean Deluxe), McDonald’s had the insight to jump on the healthy trend sweeping the U. S. (Value Innovation – Monitoring Value Curves of consumers) and began introducing more health conscience menu items such as salad entrees, all white chicken meat, and apple dippers instead of french fries in Happy Meals. Another resource McDonald’s addressed during their turn-around period was the management team itself. Despite shareholder sentiment to bring in an outsider to run the company, the board of directors pulled former Vice-Chairmen James Cantalupo out of retirement to lead this change in direction. The board saw Cantalupo as â€Å"someone who knew the company well and could move quickly to turn things around. † Although Cantalupo died unexpectedly shortly after returning to the company, his Plan to Win is credited with providing the insights discussed above with the new market opportunities that McDonalds was beginning to experience. How has it been able to use these to create value innovation? The steps taken above by McDonalds were a means to again become more relevant with their customers as well as striving to make their competition irrelevant though the use of strategic logic called value innovation. McDonald’s ignored industry practice of simply expanding via new store creation. Instead, McDonald’s decided to divest non-burger chains and use its cash to newly decorating and renovating its current properties. These newly decorated McDonald chains were a stark contrast of the industry standard restaurant themes of the past. Customers were now able to enjoy their meals lounging in sofas while watching large television screens. Eating at a McDonalds restaurant was now becoming a lifestyle experience rather than just a place to go to have a burger. Rather than looking through the lens of their existing assets, capabilities and business structure, McDonalds acted like they started anew and assessed business opportunities without being biased or constrained by where they are at a given moment. They had the insight that the true value innovators within the firm lied within the individual franchisee owners. Because of this, though traditionally corporate headquarters preferred to centralize decision making, the upper management team started to allow the localization of their franchisees by providing franchisee owners the freedom to experiment with store layouts and design. When a store owner found a design that worked for him, they would notify other store owners and let them decide if they wanted to update accordingly. Furthermore, McDonald’s positioned the brand â€Å"differently in different locations, at different times of the day and to target different customer segments†. Through this resource, McDonald’s created value innovation which helped them provide a durable competitive edge in the communities in which they operate. Another value innovation technique McDonald’s utilized was instead of focusing on the differences between customers, they focused on the powerful commonalities in the features that customer’s value. In relating this to the McDonald’s case, the direction McDonalds took to offset the cultural trend of a healthy lifestyle, McDonald’s revamped their menu. This enabled them to still focus on the customers who serve the core of their market segment, but allowed them to gain new customers who value a healthy choice option. Adding new menu items such as garden fresh salads and fresh fruits enabled McDonalds to tell their customers that they are serious about offering healthy choices that not only meets the healthy lifestyle, but tastes well in the process. Although the majority of customers who enter McDonalds still order hamburgers, the healthier menu options available make it easier for families to continue eating at their restaurants. In essence, McDonalds though in terms of the â€Å"total solution buyers seek† and enabled McDonalds to â€Å"try to overcome the chief compromises their industry forces customers to make. † McDonalds proved that they could not only be cheap and quick, but that they still could offer a healthy alternative. In summary, McDonalds used its resources to create value. They chose not to emulate their competitors in the fast food industry as they had an â€Å"ambition to dominate the market by offering a tremendous leap in value† to the consumers. McDonalds now provides the total solution customers seek for their quick service dining on the three platforms of product, service and delivery which takes them beyond the industries traditional offerings. They defied conventional logic and the conventional value curve and offered a new value curve that would enable them to experience profitable growth in the future. .